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Fluency refers to the ability to read text accurately, quickly, and with proper expression. It encompasses both speed (rapidity) and smoothness (automaticity) in reading. When a reader is fluent, they can recognize words effortlessly, which allows them to focus on understanding and interpreting the content rather than on decoding individual words. This skill is crucial for effective reading because it lays the foundation for comprehension; fluent readers are better equipped to absorb and analyze information.

Phonemic awareness, while important, specifically refers to the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words, which is different from the fluency that involves speed and accuracy in reading text. Comprehension focuses on the understanding of the text's meaning after reading, while decoding is the process of translating printed words into sounds or recognized words, which does not inherently involve the speed and automaticity highlighted in the concept of fluency.